{"id":1469,"date":"2024-11-08T18:29:50","date_gmt":"2024-11-08T16:29:50","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/bucharestski.eu\/?p=1469"},"modified":"2024-11-08T18:30:04","modified_gmt":"2024-11-08T16:30:04","slug":"mircea-eliade-scriitor-si-istoric-al-religiilor-din-bucuresti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/bucharestski.eu\/ro\/eternal-1469-mircea-eliade-scriitor-si-istoric-al-religiilor-din-bucuresti","title":{"rendered":"Mircea Eliade \u2013 scriitor \u0219i istoric al religiilor din Bucure\u0219ti"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Presa popular\u0103 \u0219i cercet\u0103torii \u00eel descriau adesea drept cel mai influent istoric al religiilor din lume. Mircea Eliade este autor de romane, nuvele \u0219i povestiri \u0219i a interpretat simbolurile religioase \u0219i miturile. De\u0219i renumitul rom\u00e2n a avut mul\u021bi adep\u021bi, abordarea sa \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2ne controversat\u0103. Citi\u021bi mai multe pe <a href=\"https:\/\/bucharestski.eu\/uk\/\">bucharestski<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_74 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a32a1fd2b1f7\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-6a32a1fd2b1f7\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/bucharestski.eu\/ro\/eternal-1469-mircea-eliade-scriitor-si-istoric-al-religiilor-din-bucuresti\/#Copilarie_si_educatie\" >Copil\u0103rie \u0219i educa\u021bie<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/bucharestski.eu\/ro\/eternal-1469-mircea-eliade-scriitor-si-istoric-al-religiilor-din-bucuresti\/#Cariera_didactica_si_debutul_literar\" >Cariera didactic\u0103 \u0219i debutul literar<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/bucharestski.eu\/ro\/eternal-1469-mircea-eliade-scriitor-si-istoric-al-religiilor-din-bucuresti\/#Emigrarea_peste_ocean\" >Emigrarea peste ocean<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/bucharestski.eu\/ro\/eternal-1469-mircea-eliade-scriitor-si-istoric-al-religiilor-din-bucuresti\/#Abordarea_religiei\" >Abordarea religiei<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/bucharestski.eu\/ro\/eternal-1469-mircea-eliade-scriitor-si-istoric-al-religiilor-din-bucuresti\/#Critica\" >Critica<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/bucharestski.eu\/ro\/eternal-1469-mircea-eliade-scriitor-si-istoric-al-religiilor-din-bucuresti\/#Ultimii_ani\" >Ultimii ani<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Copilarie_si_educatie\"><\/span>Copil\u0103rie \u0219i educa\u021bie<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Mircea Eliade s-a n\u0103scut la 13 martie 1907 \u00een capitala Rom\u00e2niei, \u00eentr-o familie de ofi\u021beri ai armatei terestre. Interesant este c\u0103 \u00een diferite biografii apar date de na\u0219tere diferite, deoarece tat\u0103l s\u0103u i-a \u00eenregistrat na\u0219terea cu patru zile \u00eenainte, pe 9 martie. Ortodox devotat, acesta dorea ca data na\u0219terii fiului s\u0103u s\u0103 coincid\u0103 cu s\u0103rb\u0103toarea liturgic\u0103 a celor Patruzeci de Mucenici din Sevastia.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen timpul Primului R\u0103zboi Mondial, Mircea a fost martor la bombardamentul german al Bucure\u0219tiului natal. Aceast\u0103 perioad\u0103 i-a influen\u021bat formarea, for\u021b\u00e2ndu-l s\u0103 lupte cu o dispozi\u021bie melancolic\u0103. \u00cen 1928, Eliade a ob\u021binut o diplom\u0103 de master \u00een filosofie la Universitatea din Bucure\u0219ti, cea mai mare universitate din Rom\u00e2nia. Dup\u0103 aceasta, a studiat la Calcutta, \u00een India, sub \u00eendrumarea profesorului de sanscrit\u0103 Surendranath Dasgupta. Mai t\u00e2rziu, Eliade a practicat yoga timp de 6 luni la Rishikesh (India), sub \u00eendrumarea lui Swami Sivananda.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.bucharestski.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/67\/2024\/11\/ad_4nxex_doffwye_w2sidxvxctxlpgoxj1co6kefjgszqld1yztmbsqyzflqg-wfszpjackxbr4qaq564prthsurzfqozkququ13eqqwaybvqcra5l5jhb37q2spkmjwgzhj0wfvmdnhvidav9rtdc-trynwqaikeyhvm1n_tcawwmcxi0vqxod3q0.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cariera_didactica_si_debutul_literar\"><\/span>Cariera didactic\u0103 \u0219i debutul literar<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dup\u0103 \u00eentoarcerea la Bucure\u0219ti, Eliade a scris teza de doctorat despre tehnicile de yoga. A \u00eenceput s\u0103 predea filozofie, religie, hinduism \u0219i budism la Universitatea din Bucure\u0219ti. Faima lui Eliade a explodat dup\u0103 publicarea romanului <em>Maitreyi<\/em> \u00een 1933, o poveste despre dragostea interzis\u0103 dintre el \u0219i o t\u00e2n\u0103r\u0103 scriitoare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.bucharestski.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/67\/2024\/11\/ad_4nxcr5rzbee5xx6rkiwce0mvniyhieeaaf7cw1pk6qirgxt637brzdna-9dkj9g3rmelcw_dco7m5pqccewpdc7rzyo4qbyt3hy1926xz4njjfbzucfmmkr96f78l6bvta8jvspy0gsykchaxamohtq1_ieaokeyhvm1n_tcawwmcxi0vqxod3q0.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen timpul celui de-al <a href=\"https:\/\/bucharestyes.eu\/uk\/eternal\/buharest-pid-chas-drugoyi-svitovoyi-vijny-ta-bombarduvannya-mista\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Doilea R\u0103zboi Mondial<\/a>, Mircea a lucrat ca ata\u0219at cultural la reprezentan\u021bele Rom\u00e2niei din Londra \u0219i Lisabona. Dup\u0103 r\u0103zboi, Eliade s-a stabilit la Paris, unde \u0219i-a c\u00e2\u0219tigat reputa\u021bia interna\u021bional\u0103 de istoric, morfolog \u0219i fenomenolog al religiei. \u00cen capitala Fran\u021bei, Eliade a scris patru lucr\u0103ri academice fundamentale despre religie, cosmos \u0219i istorie, tehnicile arhaice ale extazului, nemurirea \u0219i libertatea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Emigrarea_peste_ocean\"><\/span>Emigrarea peste ocean<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen perioada 1956\u20131957, Eliade a fost numit profesor invitat, apoi profesor \u0219i \u0219ef al catedrei de istorie a religiilor la Universitatea din Chicago. A predat acolo p\u00e2n\u0103 la pensionare, \u00een 1983.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Eliade credea c\u0103 avea dou\u0103 voca\u021bii \u2013 aceea de savant \u0219i scriitor de fic\u021biune. El considera c\u0103 interesele sale literare \u0219i \u0219tiin\u021bifice erau autonome, dar complementare. Operele sale de fic\u021biune erau scrise \u00een mare parte \u00een limba rom\u00e2n\u0103, iar lucr\u0103rile academice \u00een francez\u0103. \u00cen plus, a publicat zeci de c\u0103r\u021bi \u00een englez\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Capodopera sa suprem\u0103 era, \u00een opinia lui, romanul <em>For\u00eat interdite<\/em> din 1955. Ac\u021biunea se desf\u0103\u0219oar\u0103 \u00eentre anii 1936 \u0219i 1948, iar autorul reflect\u0103 asupra tragediei istorice \u0219i a destinului poporului rom\u00e2n. \u00cen aceast\u0103 lucrare, Eliade exploreaz\u0103 structuri mitice \u0219i simbolice fundamentale, \u00eencerc\u00e2nd s\u0103 arate c\u0103 semnifica\u021biile religioase sunt prezente \u00een experien\u021ba modern\u0103 a Occidentului.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Eliade nu a fost un savant deta\u0219at. Era preocupat profund de arogan\u021ba \u0219i provincialismul specific culturii occidentale. Considera c\u0103 este necesar\u0103 o re\u00eennoire cultural\u0103, una care s\u0103 reuneasc\u0103 omenirea ca fiin\u021be globale \u0219i planetare.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Abordarea_religiei\"><\/span>Abordarea religiei<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Operele lui Eliade reflect\u0103 ipotezele \u0219i convingerile sale principale:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Eliade considera c\u0103 fenomenele religioase trebuie \u00een\u021belese ca unice \u0219i condamna \u00eencerc\u0103rile de reducere a religiei la aspecte psihologice, sociale, economice sau istorice;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Religiosul poate fi distins de secular, deoarece exprim\u0103 o structur\u0103 universal\u0103, esen\u021bial\u0103, pe care Eliade o numea \u201edialectica hierofaniilor\u201d (manifest\u0103rile sacrului \u00een lume). Divinitatea poate ap\u0103rea sub forme umane \u0219i laice, cum ar fi arbori, r\u00e2uri, fiin\u021be istorice, animale sau vise;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Exist\u0103 sisteme simbolice fundamentale, universale, care ofer\u0103 baza interpret\u0103rii semnifica\u021biei religioase. Limbajul religios con\u021bine \u00eentotdeauna semnifica\u021bii sacre;<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Miturile despre crea\u021bia lumii sunt lec\u021bii esen\u021biale pentru oamenii religio\u0219i, explic\u00e2nd natura existen\u021bei umane \u0219i permi\u021b\u00e2ndu-le s\u0103 g\u0103seasc\u0103 origini sacre, s\u0103 dep\u0103\u0219easc\u0103 p\u0103catul \u0219i s\u0103 se \u00eennoiasc\u0103.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Critica\"><\/span>Critica<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cencep\u00e2nd cu sf\u00e2r\u0219itul anilor 1980, cercet\u0103torii vie\u021bii \u0219i operei lui Eliade l-au acuzat frecvent c\u0103 \u0219i-ar fi ascuns trecutul. Se presupune c\u0103 ar fi sus\u021binut fascismul \u0219i antisemitismul rom\u00e2nesc. Ap\u0103r\u0103torii lui Eliade sus\u021bin c\u0103 aceste acuza\u021bii sunt exagerate \u0219i c\u0103 unele dintre declara\u021biile sale controversate se datoreaz\u0103 imaturit\u0103\u021bii din tinere\u021be.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">De asemenea, colegii \u00eel criticau deseori pe Eliade pentru abordarea sa subiectiv\u0103 \u0219i lipsit\u0103 de rigoare \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103. Acesta era acuzat de generaliz\u0103ri necritice, preferin\u021b\u0103 pentru religiile arhaice \u0219i asiatice (\u00een special hinduismul) \u0219i concentrarea pe un \u201ecre\u0219tinism cosmic\u201d atemporal \u0219i anti\u0219tiin\u021bific. \u00cen c\u0103r\u021bile sale, Eliade interpreteaz\u0103 adesea revel\u0103rile sacre ale \u021b\u0103ranilor rom\u00e2ni \u0219i ale altor cre\u0219tini, care descopereau sacrul \u00een natur\u0103 \u0219i \u00een modele \u0219i cicluri cosmice.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.bucharestski.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/67\/2024\/11\/ad_4nxdcejv9ipcsf9oqd7khyetzc5m906petgt8_lpkacmekhaqrdpnyhtyool3svxzeaeelkedg2bfy60qit9g3lqfsi56bk1brpyiiydepru34c9gknes1wejylsrrp2zwtwolwulvbqygqnmm0sto0at7qmkeyhvm1n_tcawwmcxi0vqxod3q0.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">El folosea frecvent presupuneri metafizice \u0219i teologice, devaloriz\u00e2nd \u0219i distorsion\u00e2nd religia modern\u0103. Ap\u0103r\u0103torii s\u0103i considerau c\u0103 majoritatea criticilor erau prea specializa\u021bi \u0219i prea orienta\u021bi spre analiza socio-\u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103. Ei argumentau c\u0103 opera literar\u0103 a lui Eliade, care abordea teme filosofice \u0219i teologice \u0219i reflecta crize existen\u021biale \u0219i istorice contemporane, era mai valoroas\u0103 dec\u00e2t abordarea strict \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Ultimii_ani\"><\/span>Ultimii ani<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen 1977, Eliade a respins invita\u021bia autorit\u0103\u021bilor rom\u00e2ne de a se \u00eentoarce \u00een \u021bar\u0103 \u0219i s-a al\u0103turat intelectualilor rom\u00e2ni din exil. A semnat o telegram\u0103 care condamna m\u0103surile represive ale regimului dictatorial al lui Nicolae Ceau\u0219escu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/cdn.bucharestski.eu\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/67\/2024\/11\/ad_4nxcrtj-o7-ecob5m9l5pfjxslq-cyeb5ynrtwuz748ascboadu558p7oniz0diaxnmvs8n5mgp0n_7lpkzphlfx6dovdsfcuqyrcxflbb8ss3ilaw5bgf2-5ogubg4kxs2b197lpbs9kuacpfg-lvm4rfmx3keyhvm1n_tcawwmcxi0vqxod3q0.png\" alt=\"\" \/><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u00cen ultimii ani, s\u0103n\u0103tatea scriitorului s-a deteriorat din cauza stresului \u0219i a artritei. Mircea Eliade a murit \u00eentr-un spital \u00een 1986, dup\u0103 ce a suferit un accident vascular cerebral care i-a afectat vorbirea.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trupul s\u0103u a fost incinerat la Chicago, iar ceremonia de \u00eenmorm\u00e2ntare a avut loc la Universitatea din Chicago. La ceremonie au participat 1200 de persoane, iar un pasaj din scrierile lui Eliade, \u00een care evoca revela\u021biile copil\u0103riei, a fost citit. Eliade este \u00eenmorm\u00e2ntat \u00een cimitirul Oak Woods din Chicago, unde se odihnesc personalit\u0103\u021bi cunoscute, precum Harold Washington, Ida B. Wells, Jesse Owens \u0219i Enrico Fermi.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Presa popular\u0103 \u0219i cercet\u0103torii \u00eel descriau adesea drept cel mai influent istoric al religiilor din lume. Mircea Eliade este autor de romane, nuvele \u0219i povestiri \u0219i a interpretat simbolurile religioase \u0219i miturile. De\u0219i renumitul rom\u00e2n a avut mul\u021bi adep\u021bi, abordarea sa \u0219tiin\u021bific\u0103 r\u0103m\u00e2ne controversat\u0103. Citi\u021bi mai multe pe bucharestski. Copil\u0103rie \u0219i educa\u021bie Mircea Eliade s-a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":369,"featured_media":825,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[229],"tags":[885,886,875,879,884,883,881,880,887,876,882,874,873,877,878],"moimportance":[33],"motype":[232],"moformat":[76],"class_list":["post-1469","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","category-povesti-succes","tag-biografia-lui-eliade","tag-bucuresteni-2","tag-carti-ale-lui-eliade","tag-filozoful-eliade","tag-interpretarea-miturilor","tag-istoricul-religiilor","tag-mircea-eliade","tag-opere-ale-lui-eliade","tag-romani-celebri-2","tag-scriitori-celebri","tag-scriitori-romani-2","tag-scriitorul-eliade","tag-simboluri-religioase","tag-studii-de-religii","tag-vederi-despre-eliade","moimportance-retranslyacziya-v-agregatory","motype-eternal","moformat-longread-short"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/bucharestski.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1469","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/bucharestski.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/bucharestski.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bucharestski.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/369"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bucharestski.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1469"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/bucharestski.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1469\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1482,"href":"https:\/\/bucharestski.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1469\/revisions\/1482"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bucharestski.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/825"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/bucharestski.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1469"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bucharestski.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1469"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bucharestski.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1469"},{"taxonomy":"moimportance","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bucharestski.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/moimportance?post=1469"},{"taxonomy":"motype","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bucharestski.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/motype?post=1469"},{"taxonomy":"moformat","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/bucharestski.eu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/moformat?post=1469"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}